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To predict whether a problem drinker will hit the bottle again, ignore what they say and watch their body language for displays of [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] shame, a University of British Columbia study finds:
The study, which explored drinking and health outcomes in newly sober recovering alcoholics, is the first to show that physical manifestations [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] of shame-- from slumped [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] shoulders to narrow chests-- can predict a relapse in people who struggle with substances.
"Our study finds that how much shame people display can strongly predict not only whether they will go on to relapse, but how bad that relapse will be-- that is, how many drinks they will consume," says UBC Psychology Prof. Jessica Tracy, who conducted the study with graduate student Daniel Randles.
The study, to be published this week by the Association for Psychological Science journal Clinical Psychological Science, assessed the body language and self-reported shame of 46 participants in videotaped [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] interviews, [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] several months apart.
The study [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] included two sessions. In the first session, participants were asked to "describe the last time you drank and felt badly about it." In a second session, four months later, participants were asked to report their drinking behaviors. They completed questionnaires [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] about their physical and mental health at both of the sessions.
The study found that participants who displayed greater levels of shame behaviors in the first session were more likely to relapse by the second session. In contrast, written or verbal expressions of shame did not predict their likelihood of relapse.
The study found that shame behaviors in the initial session also predicted [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] an increased number [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] of psychiatric [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] symptoms at the second session, and worsening health over time.
Backgrounder
The findings have important implications for people struggling with addictions, their friends and families, and researchers and clinicians who study emotion and addiction, the researchers say.
The research is also important in light of the fact that some policymakers and judges have argued for the use of public shaming as a punitive measure, or treatment, against crime.
Our research suggests that shaming people for difficult-to-curb behaviors may be exactly the wrong approach to take," Tracy and Randles argue. "Rather than prevent future [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] occurrences of such behaviors, shaming may lead to an increase in these behaviors.
The research was supported by Social Science and Humanities Research Council of [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Canada, a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award and establishment grant, and a Canadian Institute for Health Research New Investigator Award.
For more information on how to read body language, please read my book: Understanding body language.
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